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--- networking:fiber_optics [2023/07/15 18:40] – aperez
+++ networking:fiber_optics [2025/04/01 11:14] (current) – aperez
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 **Multimode Fiber Types: OM1 vs OM2 vs OM3 vs OM4 vs OM5**
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 **Multimode fiber** is a common choice to achieve 10 Gbit/s speed over distances required by LAN enterprise and data center applications. There are several kinds of multimode fiber types available for high-speed network installations, and each with a different reach and data-rate capability. With so many options, it can be tough to select the most suitable multimode fiber. OM1 vs OM2 vs OM3 vs OM4 vs OM5, which to choose? You may get answer in this article.
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 Multimode fiber (MMF) is a kind of optical fiber mostly used in communication over short distances, for example, inside a building or for the campus. Multimode fiber optic cable has a larger core, typically 50 or 62.5 microns that enables multiple light modes to be propagated. Because of this, more data can pass through the multimode fiber core at a given time. The maximum transmission distance for MMF cable is around 550m at the speed of 10Git/s. It can transmit farther at lower data rates, such as going about 2km at 100Mb/s.
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 Identified by ISO 11801 standard, multimode fiber optic cables can be classified into OM1 fiber, OM2 fiber, OM3 fiber, OM4 fiber and newly released OM5 fiber. The next part will compare these fibers from the side of core size, bandwidth, data rate, distance, color and optical source in details.
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 **OM1 Fiber**
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+**Practical Difference:**
+Multimode fibers are able to transmit different distance ranges at various data rate. You can choose the most suited one according to your actual application. The max multimode fiber distance comparison at different data rate is specified below.
+^ MMF Category ^ Fast Ethernet ^ 1GbE ^ 10GbE ^ 40GbE ^ 100GbE ^
+| OM1          | 2000m         | 275m  | 33m   | /     | /      |
+| OM2          | 2000m         | 550m  | 82m   | /     | /      |
+| OM3          | 2000m         | /     | 300m  | 100m  | 70m    |
+| OM4          | 2000m         | /     | 550m  | 150m  | 150m   |
+| OM5          | /             | /     | 550m  | 150m  | 150m   |
+**What’s the Differences Between Single Mode and Multimode Fiber?**
+**Technical difference**
+Core Diameter—Single mode fiber has a small diametral core(8.3 to 10 microns) that allows only one mode of light to propagate. Multimode fiber optic cable has a large diametral core(50 to 100 microns) that allows multiple modes of light to propagate.
+Light Source—Multimode devices usually use a LED or laser as a light source. While single mode devices use a laser, or laser diode, to produce light injected into the cable.
+**Practical Difference**
+Distance—Light travels a longer distance inside single mode cable than it does inside multimode. So multimode fiber is suitable for short haul application, allowing transmission distances of up to about 550m at 10Git/s. When distance is beyond 550m, single mode fiber is preferred.
+Price—Multimode fiber usually cost less than single mode fiber.
+Bandwidth—The bandwidth of single-mode is higher than multimode as much as 100,000 GHz.
+Know more infro about single mode vs multimode fiber here: Single-mode Cabling Cost vs. Multimode Cabling Cost
+**Multimode Fiber Connectors Types**
+There are many multimode fiber connector types in circulation such as ST, SC, FC, LC, MU, E2000, MTRJ, SMA, DIN as well as MTP & MPO etc. The most commonly used fiber optic connector types include ST, SC, FC and LC. Each one has its own advantages, disadvantages, and capabilities. So what are the differences and what do they mean to your implementation? This table of common multimode fiber connectors gives an overview of strengths and weaknesses. Get more details about commonly used fiber optic connectors here: Fiber Optic Connector Types, Market, & Installation.
+<div style="text-align: center;">
+^ MMF Connector ^ Ferrule Size ^ Typical Insertion Loss (dB) ^ Cost (FS.com) ^ Application Features ^
+| SC            | φ2.5mm ceramic   | 0.25-0.5                    | US$ 0.65        | Mainstream, reliable, fast deployment, field fit |
+| LC            | φ1.25mm ceramic  | 0.25-0.5                    | US$ 0.78        | High density, cost-effective, field fit |
+| FC            | φ2.5mm ceramic   | 0.25-0.5                    | US$ 0.74        | High precision, vibration environment, field fit |
+| ST            | φ2.5mm ceramic   | 0.25-0.5                    | US$ 0.61        | Military, field fit |
+</div>
+**What’s The Advantages of Multimode Fiber?**
+Although single mode fiber patch cable is advantageous in terms of bandwidth and reach for longer distances, multimode fiber easily supports most distances required for enterprise and data center networks at a cost dramatically less than single mode fiber. Besides, multimode fiber optic cable still has many significant advantages.
+**Multi-user Framework Without Loss Interference**
+Multimode fiber features carrying multiple signals at the same time in the same line. Most importantly, the total power inside the signals carries almost no loss. Therefore, the network user can send more than one packet in the cable at the same time, and all information will be delivered to their destination with out any interference and keep unchanged.
+**Support of Multiple Protocols**
+Multimode fiber can support many data transfer protocol, including Ethernet, Infiniband, and Internet protocols. Therefore, one can use the cable as the back bone of a series of high value applications.
+**Cost-effective**
+With a larger fiber core and good alignment tolerances, multimode fiber and components are less expensive and are easier to work with other optical components like fiber connector and fiber adapter, and multimode patch cords are less expensive to operate, install and maintain than single mode fiber cables.
+**Conclusion**
+Due to its high capacity and reliability, multimode fiber is usually used for backbone applications in buildings. In general, mmf cable continues to be the most cost-effective choice for enterprise and data center applications up to the 500-600 meter range. But it’s not to say that we can substitute single mode fiber with multimode fiber cable, as for whether to choose a single mode fiber patch cord or multimode patch cord, it all depends on applications that you need, transmission distance to be covered as well as the overall budget allowed.
+----
+----
+====== LRM (Long Reach Multimode) ======
+LRM stands for Long Reach Multimode, which is an optical connectivity standard defined in **IEEE 802.3aq**.
+Main Characteristics:
+Allows data transmission over multimode fiber (MMF) at longer distances than typically supported by standard multimode modules (such as SX or SR).
+**Specifically designed to work up to 220 meters over OM1, OM2, and OM3 multimode fiber (usually 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm).
+**
+Uses SFP+ LRM modules that generally operate at 10 Gbps.
+Commonly used in installations that need to reuse existing multimode cabling without having to replace it with single-mode fiber (SMF).
-  MMF  Category	Fast Ethernet	1GbE	10GbE	40GbE	100GbE
+----
-  OM1 	        2000m	        275m	33m	/	/
+----
-  OM2 	        2000m	        550m	82m	/	/
-  OM3 	        2000m	        /	300m	100m	70m
-  OM4 	        2000m	        /	550m	150m	150m
-  OM5 	        /	        /	550m	150m	150m