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--- networking:wireless_topic:wi-fi_ha_low [2023/07/27 11:23] – aperez
+++ networking:wireless_topic:wi-fi_ha_low [2024/06/18 22:55] (current) – aperez
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 {{ :networking:wireless_topic:wi-fi_halow_frequency_band_graphic.png?800 |}}
+**What is Wi-Fi HaLow?**
+**Where Wi-Fi HaLow fits in the Wi-Fi spectrum.**
+The IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi HaLow standard defines a sub-1-GHz implementation of Wi-Fi that provides longer operating range while sacrificing throughput.
+The idea is to provide connectivity on par with low-power wireless solutions but within the Wi-Fi framework. The top data rate for a single stream is 32.5 Mb/s, whereas top-end Wi-Fi standards using multiple antennas and the 2.4-, 5-, and 6-GHz bands can deliver multi-gigabit throughput that can stream 4K video and more. The main difference is that these high-bandwidth solutions require a lot more power.
+Wi-Fi HaLow has 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-MHz channel bandwidth. It uses the 900-MHz license-exempt bands utilized by other low-power devices from phones to sensor systems. It competes with low-power wireless solutions like Bluetooth, LoRaWAN, and Zigbee. Wi-Fi HaLow utilizes 26 channels at 100 kb/s. Maximum range is on the order of one kilometer.
+The maximum throughput of 347 Mb/s is achieved using four 16-MHz channels. At the low end is a single, 1-MHz channel using BPSK modulation. At the high end, the modulation is 256QAM.
+The wireless communication supports WPA3 security utilized on other Wi-Fi protocols.
+Wi-Fi HaLow addresses a range of applications from IoT sensors and control to intelligent-grid and smart-metering applications. It could even be used in drone applications.
+The chips utilize bands between 850 and 950 MHz, allowing them to be employed worldwide, where available unlicensed bands may be different.
+There's a similar standard called 802.11af that uses licensed bands under 1 GHz, between 54 and 790 MHz .
 {{ :networking:wireless_topic:wi-fi_certified_halow_for_iot.png?600 |}}
+----
+----
+**[[networking:wireless_topic:low-power_wide-area_network|]]**
+**[[networking:wireless_topic:iot_ecosystem|]]**
+**[[networking:wireless_topic:wi_fi_vs_zigbee_vs_z_wave_what_is_the_difference|]]**
+**[[networking:wireless_topic:zigbee|Zigbee]]**
+----
+----