====== Private IP Address Ranges ======


**Address ranges below are reserved by IANA for private intranets, and not routable to the Internet.
For additional information, see RFC 1918.**

  10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8 prefix)
  172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12 prefix)
  192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16 prefix)


**Reserved and special use addresses:**

  0.0.0.0/8 - Current network (only valid as source address) RFC 1700
  100.64.0.0 ~ 100.127.255.255 (100.64.0.0/10 prefix) carrier-grade NAT communication between service provider and 
  subscribers
  127.0.0.0 is reserved for loopback and IPC on the localhost.
  127.0.0.1 ~ 127.255.255.254 (127.0.0.0/8) - loopback IP addresses (refers to self) RFC 5735
  192.0.0.0/24 - reserved (IANA) RFC 5735
  192.88.99.0/24 - IPv6 to IPv4 relay. RFC 3068
  198.18.0.0/15 - network benchmark tests. RFC 2544
  198.51.100.0/24 - TEST-NET-2. RFC 5737
  203.0.113.0/24 - TEST-NET-3. RFC 5737
  224.0.0.0 ~ 239.255.255.255 (224.0.0.0/4) reserved for multicast addresses. RFC 3171
  240.0.0.0/4 - reserved (former Class E network) RFC 1700
  255.255.255.255 is the limited broadcast address (limited to all other nodes on the LAN) RFC 919

**255 in any part of the IP is reserved for broadcast addressing**

  0.0.0.0 in routing context means the default route (to "the rest of" the internet) RFC 1700
  0.0.0.0 in the context of firewalls means "all addresses of the local machine" RFC 1700

**APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) and Link-Local addressing**

Both **APIPA** (**Automatic Private IP Addressing**) and **Link-Local** addressing are mechanisms that allow devices on a network to **self-configure an IP address in the absence of a DHCP server**. They are used in different protocols and have different characteristics. Here’s a comparison:

**Protocols:**

  * **APIPA**: Used in IPv4.
  * **Link-Local**: Used in IPv6. It’s also sometimes used as a term for APIPA in the IPv4 context, but when we’re distinguishing between the two, “Link-Local” typically refers to IPv6.

**Address Ranges:**

  * **APIPA**: **169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254** with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
  * **Link-Local**: **fe80::/10**. Any IPv6 address that starts with “**fe80**” is a link-local address.

**Usage:**

  * **APIPA**: Devices use this address when a DHCP server is unavailable on the network. It allows for basic communication within the local network but not with external networks.
  * **Link-Local**: In IPv6, every interface will automatically get a link-local address in addition to other types of addresses it might have. Link-local addresses in IPv6 are used for local network operations such as Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP).

**Router Behavior**:

  * **APIPA**: Routers don’t forward packets with APIPA addresses.
  * **Link-Local**: In IPv6, routers don’t forward packets with link-local addresses either.

**Determination Method**:

  * **APIPA**: If an IPv4 device does not receive an IP address from a DHCP server, it will auto-assign itself an address from the APIPA range.
  * **Link-Local**: For IPv6, link-local addresses are automatically derived from the device’s MAC address, though they can also be manually configured.
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[[https://lite.ip2location.com/united-states-of-america-ip-address-ranges?lang=es|United States of America rangos de direcciones IP]]

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